Most blockchain performance discussions go like this someone quotes a big number the community argues about whether it's real, and then the conversation dies because nobody actually explained how the number works.

Because when I first saw $SIGN claiming 4,000 TPS on its public chain and up to 20,000 TPS on its private network, my instinct was the same as yours probably is right now. Show me the architecture. Don't just tell me the number show me the engineering decision that produces it.
So I w