金色财经报道，以太坊开发者barryWhiteHat发文称，随着零知识证明虚拟机（zkEVM）的商品化，出现了一个有趣的机遇：既能提供私有智能合约基础设施，又能保持与以太坊虚拟机（EVM）的兼容性。开发者可以编写 Solidity 代码，并通过特定版本的 Solidity 编译器或一些后处理工具进行编译，从而创建私有智能合约。
围绕私有全局状态与隐私存在一些重要的权衡，其核心原因在于：要进行证明，就必须知道自己要证明的内容。因此，无法存在这样一种私有智能合约 —— 它拥有你并不知晓的全局公开状态。由此可推，也无法存在带有全局私有状态的私有智能合约。例如，Uniswap这样的应用就无法以私有形式实现，因为证明者需要知晓两个资金池的余额，才能证明一笔 swap（交易）的执行是正确的。
因此，一些我们熟知且青睐的应用，目前无法以私有形式实现，除非我们拥有输入输出（IO）功能 —— 这正是 IO 至关重要的原因。它能让我们构建一个完全私有的以太坊，且其信任假设与原生以太坊完全一致。
不过，本文旨在探讨如何通过在 reth 中添加 pstore 和 pload 这两个操作码，将其编译到零知识证明虚拟机（zkEVM）中，从而实现一种私有智能合约 —— 这类合约拥有私有用户状态，但不具备私有全局状态。
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