分析公司 Arkham 近日发布了加密货币领域十大富豪榜单,显示这些财富可在区块链上追踪。不出意外,榜首是化名比特币创始人的中本聪(Satoshi Nakamoto),持有价值超过 1000 亿美元的比特币。榜单中还包括波场创始人Justin Sun和以太坊创始人 Vitalik Buterin。
值得注意的是,榜单中有四位富豪掌控数十亿美元的加密资产,却无法动用。Arkham 指出,Rain Lõhmus、James Howells、Stefan Thomas 和 Clifton Collins 共持有约 27 亿美元的比特币和以太坊,这些资产在链上可见,但由于各种原因已无法使用。
人为失误导致巨额资产冻结
- Rain Lõhmus(7.62 亿美元)
爱沙尼亚企业家 Lõhmus 在 2014 年投资以太坊首次代币发行获得约 25 万枚 ETH,目前价值 7.62 亿美元。然而,他已丢失访问钱包的权限,多年来无法使用这笔资产。他甚至悬赏钱包里 50% 的资金以求找回。
- James Howells(7.31 亿美元)
威尔士 IT 从业者 Howells 2013 年将存有比特币私钥的硬盘扔进垃圾填埋场,导致 8000 枚比特币无法找回,价值约 7.31 亿美元。他多次尝试通过法律途径或购买垃圾填埋场找回硬盘,但均未成功。
- Stefan Thomas(6.39 亿美元)
比特币早期贡献者 Thomas 早期获得约 7002 枚比特币,但由于 IronKey 硬件钱包的密码尝试次数限制,他丢失了访问权限。当前这些比特币价值约 6.39 亿美元,却无法动用。
- Clifton Collins(5.46 亿美元)
爱尔兰人 Collins 曾用非法所得购买比特币,存入多份钱包,私钥写在鱼竿铝制竿帽中。因入室盗窃及房东清理,这些私钥下落不明,价值约 5.46 亿美元的比特币被冻结。
去中心化带来的警示
分析人士指出,比特币和其他加密货币的自我保管设计,虽然确保了资产的安全性和可审计性,但也增加了人为失误导致资产永久损失的风险。分析师 Illia Otychenko 将这种状态形容为“财富处于量子状态:可见却无法触及”。
Hacken 取证专家 Rudytsia 建议,通过账户抽象智能合约钱包并配备“监护人”系统,可在保障安全的同时降低无法找回资产的风险。
多项分析估计,由于私钥丢失、硬盘损毁或死亡等原因,约有 230 万至 400 万枚比特币(占总供应量 11% 至 20%)永久丢失,价值约 2100 亿至 3660 亿美元。这凸显了去中心化金融体系中自我保管的优势与潜在风险。(Cryptonews)
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