2月14日消息，比特币社区近日围绕后量子安全升级展开激烈讨论。随着 BIP-360 提案曝光，核心开发者计划通过一次软分叉，为基于 Taproot 的地址引入更强的抗量子能力。这项提案被视为比特币应对未来量子计算威胁的重要一步，也成为当前市场关注的焦点。
BIP-360 的核心目标，是减少 Pay-to-Taproot（P2TR）地址在交易时暴露公钥的风险。该方案将移除“密钥到消费”的路径，并引入 Pay-to-Merkle-Root（P2MR）结构，从而在不暴露公钥的情况下完成验证。由于 Taproot 在 2021 年推出后被大量采用，相关风险一度被忽视，如今却成为潜在的系统隐患。
此前，分析师 Willy Woo 曾提醒，Taproot 地址在量子环境下最容易遭受攻击。数据显示，2024 年初 P2TR 地址一度占比接近 54%，而到 2026 年初已回落至约 22%，说明部分持币者正在主动转向更具防护能力的地址类型。不过，开发者也承认，BIP-360 主要解决长期暴露问题，对交易池中可能出现的短期攻击仍需后续方案补充。
量子风险不仅是技术问题，也在影响市场情绪。Ripple 前首席技术官 Joel Katz 直言，比特币终将需要量子安全分叉，否则将面临结构性危机。资产管理机构也指出，相关担忧可能压制机构资金的配置意愿。
与此同时，Bitwise 首席执行官 Matt Hougan 表示，虽然市场仍存在不确定性，但积极信号正在累积。若后量子路线逐步清晰，信心修复或将为比特币价格提供新的支撑。对投资者而言，BIP-360 不只是一次代码升级，更是比特币迈向长期安全与可持续发展的关键一步。
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