Retirement Planning: How 41 US States Offer Social Security Tax Advantages in 2025

For American retirees, where you choose to retire can significantly impact your financial outcome. The location advantage is particularly pronounced when it comes to Social Security taxation—a benefit that 40% of seniors age 65 and older depend on for at least half their retirement income, per AARP data.

The Growing Tax-Free Advantage Across the US

While the federal government can tax up to 85% of Social Security benefits depending on your income level, many states have moved away from state-level taxation on these benefits. Recent policy shifts demonstrate this trend: Missouri and Nebraska eliminated their Social Security tax in 2024, followed by Kansas mid-year. West Virginia is phasing out its tax entirely, with full exemption arriving in 2026.

Today, 41 US states plus Washington, D.C., provide full relief from state income taxes on Social Security benefits. This represents a dramatic expansion of retiree-friendly jurisdictions, with only nine states continuing to impose such taxes.

Which Nine States Still Tax Social Security?

The minority of states maintaining Social Security taxation include Colorado, Connecticut, Minnesota, Montana, New Mexico, Rhode Island, Utah, Vermont, and West Virginia (through 2025). However, even within these states, nuanced rules exist. Colorado residents aged 55 to 64, for instance, can deduct benefits if their adjusted gross income doesn’t exceed $75,000 individually or $95,000 for couples filing jointly—a provision expanding in 2025 from its previous age-55-and-up threshold.

The Tax-Free Majority: 41 States Leading the Way

The roster of non-taxing jurisdictions spans across all regions: Alaska, Arizona, California, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, Washington, Wisconsin, Wyoming, Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, Idaho, Kentucky, and Washington, D.C.

Real Savings: What Tax-Free Status Means Financially

The financial impact is substantial. A retiree in a state with a 5% effective tax rate receiving $30,000 annually in Social Security benefits saves approximately $1,500 yearly. On a broader scale, Missouri retirees collectively preserve around $309 million annually through tax exemptions, while Nebraska residents retain roughly $17 million that would otherwise go to state taxation.

Understanding your state’s specific tax provisions—including age thresholds, income limits, and deduction rules—is essential for accurate retirement planning. The landscape continues evolving, making it crucial to verify current regulations in your jurisdiction before finalizing retirement location decisions.